Types of Constitution
Relevant for UPSC Prelims & Mains Examination
Written Constitution: A written constitution is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles, structures, and procedures of a government. It is usually a single document that codifies the fundamental principles of a nation and outlines the powers and limitations of the government. Examples of countries with a written constitution include the United States, India, and Germany. A written constitution is usually codified, meaning that it is a single document that can be referenced easily.
Indian Constitution: The Indian Constitution is categorized into three types based on the time period in which they were enacted: the Government of India Act 1935, the Indian Independence Act 1947, and the Constitution of India 1950. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land and provides for a federal structure with a strong center, an independent judiciary, and fundamental rights for all citizens.
Unwritten Constitution: An unwritten constitution, on the other hand, is not codified in a single document. Instead, it is made up of a collection of customs, traditions, and laws that have developed over time. Unwritten constitutions are often found in countries that have a long history, such as the United Kingdom, Canada, and New Zealand. In these countries, the constitution is a combination of statutory law, common law, and conventions.
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